FlybyWireSysteme

FlybywireSysteme refers to flight control systems in which pilot commands are transmitted electronically to actuators that move control surfaces, replacing traditional mechanical linkages. The system uses computers to interpret pilot input, apply flight control laws, and command multiple actuators to deflect surfaces accordingly.

The architecture typically includes primary flight control computers, backup computers, actuators, sensors, and data buses. Redundancy is essential: most designs employ triplex or quadruplex arrangements with cross-checking to maintain control in case of a fault. Control laws range from direct (surface following input) to more sophisticated modes such as normal, stability augmentation, and envelope protection, which can prevent stalls or excessive bank angles.

Historically, early fly-by-wire concepts emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, with engineering pilots and testbeds leading to commercial adoption in the late 20th century. The Airbus A320 family popularized FBW in civil aviation, followed by other programs from both Airbus and Boeing.

Modern systems often use mixed actuation, electro-hydraulic actuators that combine electric control with hydraulic power for high authority surfaces, and digital data networks to improve reliability and reduce weight.

Advantages include reduced airplane weight, smoother control and load alleviation, enhanced safety through automatic stall and angle protections, and lower pilot workload. Challenges encompass certification complexity, rigorous software development processes, fault detection, and cybersecurity considerations.

See also: Fly-by-wire, Flight control system, Avionics, Aircraft certification.