Fluorideovermaat

Fluorideovermaat refers to fluoride toxicity arising from exposure to higher-than-recommended fluoride levels. Fluoride is used in dental care and, at controlled levels in drinking water, is considered beneficial for reducing dental caries. Overexposure can occur through contaminated drinking water, ingestion of fluoride toothpaste or mouth rinses, or occupational exposure to fluoride compounds in industry. Acute fluorideovermaat results from a single, large fluoride dose; chronic fluorideovermaat results from sustained intake above safe limits.

Symptoms of acute toxicity typically begin within hours and can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, excessive salivation, thirst, and weakness; more severe cases may cause muscle spasms, tingling, seizures, coma, or respiratory distress. Chronic exposure can lead to dental fluorosis in children, characterized by mottled enamel, and, with longer exposure, skeletal fluorosis, which presents as bone and joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Some exposed populations experience facial changes or calcification of soft tissues, though these are less common.

Diagnosis relies on exposure history and measurements of fluoride in urine, blood, or tissues, along with clinical signs. Treatment depends on severity and timing and is managed by medical professionals; it typically emphasizes reducing fluoride absorption, supporting vital functions, and addressing complications. In severe poisoning, hospital care is required. Prevention focuses on regulating fluoride levels in drinking water, supervising intake from dental products, and protecting workers from occupational exposure.

Fluorideovermaat is distinct from dental fluorosis caused by milder chronic exposure; public health guidelines aim to balance caries prevention with safety to avoid overexposure.