Flugsteige

Flugsteige are the passenger boarding bridges and related access facilities used at airports to connect terminal gates with aircraft. They allow passengers to board and disembark without exposure to the tarmac or weather, while enabling a controlled, sheltered, and efficient flow of people.

A typical Flugsteig consists of a telescoping, enclosed walkway that can adjust in height, reach, and slope to align with the door of various aircraft. It is connected to a terminal gate on one end and to the aircraft door on the other, and it is operated from a control booth or integrated gate management system. Safety features include emergency stop mechanisms, sensors to detect obstructions, protective rails, anti-collision systems, and lighting and climate control for passenger comfort.

There are several variants. Fixed jet bridges are permanently installed at gates and remain in position for use with compatible aircraft. Mobile stairs provide a flexible, standalone boarding option and are used at some gates or during remote stand operations. Remote stands may require bus transportation for passengers, with a separate boarding bridge or stairs used near the aircraft. Modern airports often employ multiple Flugsteige at peak times to service high flight frequencies and accommodate a range of aircraft types.

The development of Flugsteige began in the mid-20th century as airports sought faster, safer, and more comfortable means of boarding. Today, they are an integral part of terminal design, with emphasis on accessibility, efficiency, and interoperability with security procedures and airside operations.