Fluconazolin

Fluconazolin is not a standard drug name; it appears to be a misspelling of fluconazole, a widely used triazole antifungal medication. Fluconazole inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme 14α-demethylase, disrupting ergosterol synthesis and compromising the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, which inhibits growth and can lead to cell death.

The drug is indicated for a range of fungal infections, including vaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis, and cryptococcal meningitis. It is also used for prophylaxis in certain immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and for disseminated candidiasis caused by susceptible organisms. Fluconazole has activity against many Candida species and Cryptococcus, and some dermatophytes.

Fluconazole is well absorbed orally, with high bioavailability, and distributes broadly to body fluids including cerebrospinal fluid, where it achieves therapeutic concentrations. It is predominantly excreted unchanged by the kidneys; the elimination half-life is prolonged in renal impairment, and dose adjustment is typically required. Hepatic impairment is less commonly dose-limiting but may warrant caution and monitoring.

Adverse effects are usually mild, including nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache. Rare but serious events include hepatotoxicity, severe skin reactions, and QT interval prolongation, especially when combined with other QT-prolonging drugs. Drug interactions arise from inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, increasing levels of anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants.

Fluconazole is typically supplied as oral capsules or suspension and, in hospital settings, as IV solution. Pregnancy should be considered carefully; use during pregnancy is generally limited to situations with clear benefits, due to potential fetal risks with higher exposure.