Political system and governance: Finland is a parliamentary republic with a unicameral Eduskunta (parliament) and a cabinet led by a prime minister. The president retains limited powers, mainly in foreign policy and defence, with most international work conducted by the government. Policy is typically developed through coalition governments and consensus-based decision-making, emphasizing stability and broad political support.
Domestic policy: Finnishpolicy prioritizes universal services, including education, healthcare, and pensions, under the welfare state model. It promotes inclusive labour markets, gender equality, digital governance, and high standards for public services. Fiscal policy generally targets sustainability, budget discipline, and long-term demographic challenges through reform and investment.
Economic and innovation policy: Finland maintains an open, export-oriented economy with strong emphasis on research and development, digitalisation, and sustainable growth. The country participates fully in the European Single Market and uses the euro. Public investment supports education, infrastructure, and cutting-edge technologies to sustain competitiveness and inclusive growth.
Foreign and security policy: Finland joined the European Union in 1995 and adopted the euro in 1999. In 2023 Finland became a member of NATO, reflecting a shift in its security posture. The country pursues multilateral cooperation, human rights, rule of law, and Arctic collaboration, while maintaining a policy of international development assistance and regional diplomacy.