Ficus

Ficus is a genus of about 850 to 900 species in the Moraceae family, comprising trees, shrubs, and climbers. They are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with some species extending into temperate zones. Common features include latex sap, evergreen or deciduous foliage, and often aerial roots. Most species produce enclosed inflorescences called syconia, which house the flowers and are usually pollinated by wasps in a specialized mutualism.

Notable species include Ficus carica (the common fig), Ficus elastica (the rubber plant), Ficus benjamina (weeping fig), Ficus lyrata (fiddle-leaf fig), Ficus microcarpa (green island ficus), and Ficus benghalensis (banyan). These species are widely grown as ornamentals and houseplants, and some provide edible fruit or timber.

Cultivation and care: Ficus are popular in gardens and indoors. They generally prefer bright, indirect light, regular watering with good drainage, and temperatures above roughly 10–15°C (50–59°F) for many species. They tolerate a range of soils but dislike waterlogged conditions and sudden changes in light. Their latex sap can irritate skin, and many species are mildly toxic to pets if ingested.

Uses and ecology: Besides fruit production, ficus plants are valued for ornament, privacy screens, and bonsai. Ecologically, many figs provide year‑round fruit resources for wildlife and can form complex root or canopy structures, as in banyan species. Some species are invasive in certain regions when planted outside their native ranges.

Propagation: Ficus can be propagated from stem cuttings, air layering, or grafting. Indoor ficus cuttings often root readily, and some species respond well to humidity and warm temperatures.