Fibrozë

Fibrozë, known in English as fibrosis, is a pathological condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, primarily collagen, which leads to the thickening and hardening of affected tissues. The process results from an abnormal wound healing response, where fibroblasts become persistently activated and produce fibrous tissue instead of normal connective tissue.

The condition can affect virtually any organ system, with common manifestations such as pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, renal fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Each form follows distinct etiological pathways, including chronic inflammation, viral infections, exposure to toxins, genetic predispositions, and systemic diseases like scleroderma. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, for instance, remains a diagnosis of exclusion after ruling out other known causes of lung scarring.

Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and, when needed, histopathological analysis from biopsy specimens. Pulmonary function tests, chest computed tomography, and laboratory markers help establish the extent and progression of tissue damage. Treatment strategies target underlying causes where identified and most commonly involve anti-inflammatory agents, antifibrotic drugs, and, in advanced stages, organ transplantation.

Research into the molecular pathways that regulate fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis has opened avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. Despite significant advances, fibrosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, underscoring the need for continued investigation into its mechanisms and management.