Fiberboards

Fiberboard is an engineered wood product made by binding wood fibers with a synthetic resin or other binder under heat and pressure to form panels of varying density. It encompasses several grades, including softboard (low-density for interior lining and acoustic uses), hardboard or high-density fiberboard (HDF) for durable panels, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF), which is widely used for furniture, cabinetry, and decorative surfaces.

Manufacture involves refining wood into individual fibers, blending these fibers with resin and additives, and forming them into a mat. The mat is compressed under heat to cure the resin, producing a solid board. The final properties depend on fiber type, resin system, binder content, and pressing conditions. Surfaces are often finished with veneers, laminates, paint, or veneer overlays.

Properties typical of fiberboards include uniform density, a smooth surface suitable for finishing, and good screw-holding capacity. They are generally inexpensive and easy to machine. However, their moisture sensitivity varies by grade; exposure to high humidity can cause swelling and dimensional changes if not properly sealed or protected. Harder, denser grades offer better surface durability and edge stability, while softer grades prioritize acoustic performance or cost savings.

Applications span furniture components, cabinetry and shelves, interior wall and ceiling panels, subfloor underlayment, and decorative laminates. Some grades incorporate moisture resistance or fire-retardant additives for specialized uses. Environmental considerations include the use of formaldehyde-containing resins in some products, prompting stricter emissions standards and the availability of low-emission or formaldehyde-free options. Recyclability and end-of-life disposal vary by resin type and local facilities.