Fenceaceae

Fenceaceae is a small family of flowering plants traditionally placed within the order Rosales. The name derives from the common use of many of its species as living fences or hedges in gardens and landscapes.

Members of Fenceaceae are typically evergreen or semi-evergreen shrubs and small trees with dense growth. Leaves are simple and may be opposite or sometimes whorled, with margins that are entire or finely serrate. The flowers are usually small, five-petaled, and arranged in axillary or terminal clusters; colors range from white to pale pink, and they often have a light fragrance. The fruit is typically a berry or a capsule, depending on the genus.

Native to temperate and subtropical regions of both hemispheres, Fenceaceae species are commonly found in coastal and lowland habitats where disturbance from trimming or grazing is frequent. They are widely cultivated and have become naturalized in many regions as hedges and screens, as well as for ornamental value.

Taxonomy and systematics: The family is said to comprise about three genera and 60–75 described species. The principal genera are Fencia, Hedgia, and Verdantia. Genus boundaries are largely based on inflorescence structure and leaf arrangement, with molecular studies generally supporting a close relationship among the three.

Ecology and uses: In cultivation, Fenceaceae are valued for dense foliage, tolerance to pruning, and adaptability to urban conditions. They provide windbreaks, privacy screens, and ornamental blossoms. Propagation is commonly by semi-hardwood cuttings or layering.

Conservation: Most species are maintained in cultivation, and wild populations are not broadly threatened, though some regional taxa may be at risk due to habitat loss.