Farbmanagementsystem

FarbmanagementSystem (FMS) is a framework and set of tools that aims to ensure consistent color reproduction across devices and media in image creation, processing, and output workflows. It coordinates device characterization, color profiles, and rendering rules so colors appear similar on monitors, printers, scanners, and other devices.

Key components of an FMS include device calibration and profiling, ICC profiles for each device, and support for color spaces (both device-dependent like RGB and CMYK and device-independent like CIELAB and CIEXYZ). Rendering intents, such as perceptual, relative colorimetric, saturation, and absolute colorimetric, guide how colors are mapped between devices. Profiles describe how a device reproduces colors and enable translation through a Profile Connection Space.

In practice, the workflow involves calibrating and profiling displays, profiling input and output devices, and embedding or referencing profiles in images. Soft-proofing can simulate the final output, and users select a rendering intent appropriate to the content. Software applications and operating systems with color management support—such as Windows Color Management and macOS ColorSync—facilitate consistent use of profiles across tools and files.

Applications of an FMS span graphic design, photography, publishing, and professional printing, where accurate color is critical. Common file formats (JPEG, TIFF, PDF) often embed color profiles to preserve intent across platforms.

Standards and interoperability rely largely on the ICC profile specification. While an FMS improves consistency, exact color matches across different substrates, lighting conditions, and aging devices are not guaranteed; practical limitations include metamerism, gamut constraints, and substrate-dependent color behavior.