Fangblennies

Fangblennies are a group of small reef fishes in the family Blenniidae. They are found on tropical coral reefs across the Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea to the central Pacific, typically in shallow coastal habitats such as inner reef flats and rocky crevices. They are distinguished by their venomous fangs and, in some species, by behaviors that resemble those of cleaner fish.

The defining feature of fangblennies is their elongated fangs, which are associated with venom glands. When threatened or attacked, they can deliver venom through these fangs. The venom is primarily a defense against predators and can cause pain, swelling, and temporary discomfort in humans; it is not generally lethal. The presence of venom allows these fishes to deter larger predators with minimal risk to themselves.

Many fangblennies engage in aggressive mimicry. Some species imitate the appearance and behavior of cleaner wrasses to approach larger, unsuspecting fish. Instead of providing cleaning services, they bite mucus, scales, or tissue from their hosts, obtaining nourishment while avoiding direct confrontation. Other fangblennies feed on small invertebrates or algae, and some engage in parasitic or opportunistic biting during encounters on the reef.

In terms of care and handling, fangblennies can pose risks to divers and aquarists due to their venomous bite. They are sometimes kept in reef aquaria by experienced hobbyists, but their venom and specific care requirements make them less suitable for beginners. Their striking coloration and intriguing venom system make them a notable subject of reef fish biology.