Fallennetze

Fallennetze, also known as "falling webs" or "falling nets," are a type of web used by spiders to catch prey. Unlike the more common orb webs, which are stationary, fallennetze are deployed from a height and allowed to descend, capturing prey as they fall. This technique is particularly effective for spiders that inhabit areas with high ceilings or open spaces, such as forests, meadows, and even urban environments.

The construction of a fallennetz begins with the spider ascending to a high point, often using silk threads to secure itself to a branch or other support. From this vantage point, the spider spins a web that is typically larger and more complex than an orb web. The web consists of multiple radial threads that radiate outward from a central point, creating a three-dimensional structure. These radial threads are connected by spiral threads, which give the web its distinctive appearance.

Once the web is complete, the spider releases it, allowing it to descend under the influence of gravity. As the web falls, it captures insects and other small prey that become entangled in the silk. The spider then descends to the web, where it can harvest its catch. Fallennetze are known for their efficiency in capturing a variety of prey, including flies, beetles, and even small birds.

The use of fallennetze is a remarkable example of spider engineering and adaptation. By deploying webs from a height, spiders can exploit open spaces and increase their chances of capturing prey. This technique has been observed in several spider species, including the golden silk orb-weaver (Trichonephila clavipes) and the European garden spider (Araneus diadematus). The study of fallennetze provides valuable insights into the diverse strategies employed by spiders to survive and thrive in their environments.