Falene

Falene is the Italian term for moths, a large and varied group of nocturnal insects within the order Lepidoptera. Along with butterflies, moths constitute Lepidoptera, and describing the group as a whole, falene encompasses far more species than butterflies, with estimates often exceeding 150,000 described species worldwide.

Anatomy and appearance vary widely among falene. Most have scaled wings, a coiled proboscis, and antennae that can be filiform, clubbed, or plumose, especially in males. Wing patterns range from drab camouflaged tones to striking colors and shapes. Many species rest with wings folded tent-like over the body, while others hold them flat or rooflike.

Life cycle and feeding habits follow the typical Lepidopteran pattern: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult. Caterpillars feed on a broad array of plants; some are specialist feeders on trees or crops, while a few species have larvae that infest stored products or textiles. Adults often feed on nectar, although some species do not feed at all. Moths play important ecological roles as pollinators and as a food source for bats, birds, and other animals.

Ecology and distribution: falene are found on all continents except Antarctica, with the greatest diversity in tropical regions. They are predominantly nocturnal and are frequently attracted to artificial lights, a behavior that can influence their survival and reproduction.

Economic and conservation notes: several species are agricultural or stored-product pests, while others are valued for silk production (historically, though not all silk moths are economically important today). Habitat loss, light pollution, and pesticide exposure pose conservation concerns for many moth species.

Taxonomy and diversity: the group comprises numerous families within Lepidoptera, including Noctuoidea, Geometroidea, and Bombycoidea, reflecting extensive evolutionary diversification.