Fabricstruktur

Fabricstruktur, also known as fabric structure, is the arrangement of fibers into yarns and the subsequent organization of those yarns into fabric. It is determined by the fiber content, yarn construction (filament versus staple, twist), and the method used to produce the fabric. The structure influences mechanical properties, bulk, hand, and performance characteristics such as strength, elasticity, drape, and breathability.

The basic building blocks are fibers, yarns, and the fabric formation method. Fibers are spun into yarns, which are arranged into warp (lengthwise) and weft (crosswise) in woven fabrics, or into loops in knitted fabrics. Common woven structures include plain weave, twill, and satin, with interlacing patterns that produce different surface textures and porosity. Knitted fabrics form loops; weft knitting creates courses across the fabric width, while warp knitting produces a more stable structure. Nonwoven fabrics are formed by bonding or felting fibers without yarns, resulting in a different structural organization.

The chosen structure affects properties such as strength and abrasion resistance, flexibility and elasticity, drape, insulation, and moisture management. Plain weaves are generally strong and dense; twills offer better drape and texture; knits provide stretch and softness. The weave density (thread count) and yarn thickness influence hand and thermal behavior. Selvage and grain orientation influence fit and fabric behavior in use. Finishing steps like calendering, mercerization, or coatings can modify surface feel, smoothness, and performance without changing the fundamental structure.

Understanding fabricstruktur is essential in garment design and textile engineering to predict how a fabric will behave in wear, including bending, stretching, breathability, and longevity.