Examensformer

Examensformer are the ways in which students' knowledge and skills are assessed in a course or programme. They define how learning outcomes are demonstrated and how the final grade is determined. In higher education, exam formats are chosen to fit the subject matter, the level of study, and available resources, and they must meet principles of fairness, reliability, and validity. Institutions typically provide guidance on common formats and how they will be weighted.

Common forms include:

- Skriftlig tentamen: a written exam, often consisting of short and/or long questions, possibly with open or closed book rules, usually held under supervised conditions for a set duration.

- Muntlig tentamen: an oral examination where the student presents and defends knowledge before examiners; may involve a follow-up discussion or questions.

- Inlämningsuppgift: an assignment submitted for assessment, such as essays, problem sets, or design tasks; graded according to rubrics.

- Projektarbete: project work, often involving collaboration, with a written report and sometimes a presentation or demonstration.

- Praktisk examination eller färdighetsprov: assessment of hands-on skills in labs, studios, clinics, or field work.

- Portföljbedömning: portfolio assessment, where a collection of work over time is evaluated against learning outcomes.

- Slut- eller examensarbete: degree or final thesis, a substantial written work that may include defense.

Other variants include demonstrations, presentations, peer assessment, or continuous assessment through coursework. Several exam types can be used within one course, with weights assigned to reach the intended depth of assessment. Design considerations include alignment to learning outcomes, reliability, fairness, accessibility, and options for resit/omprov. Policies vary by institution and country, but transparency about formats is standard practice.