Eurocommunism
Eurocommunism was a reformist strand within Western European communist parties during the 1970s and 1980s that sought to chart an autonomous path from the Soviet model. Proponents argued that socialism could be achieved through democratic institutions, pluralist politics, and respect for civil liberties, rather than through one-party rule or violent overthrow. The movement emphasized the sovereignty of national parties, independence from Moscow, and a commitment to human rights, parliamentary participation, and social reform.
Core features included rejection of single-party dictatorship, a willingness to work within democratic systems, and an
Key actors and expressions appeared in Italy, Spain, and France. The Italian Communist Party under Enrico Berlinguer
Decline followed the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, which undercut