Etüüli

Etüüli, also known as ethyl alcohol, ethanol, or simply alcohol, is a simple organic compound with the chemical formula C₂H₅OH. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic odor, commonly used as a solvent, disinfectant, and as the primary alcohol in alcoholic beverages. Ethanol is produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast or through industrial synthesis from ethylene.

In its pure form, ethanol is a volatile liquid with a boiling point of approximately 78.37 degrees Celsius. It is miscible with water and many organic solvents, making it versatile in various applications. Industrially, ethanol is used as a fuel additive, a solvent for resins and coatings, and in the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

As a beverage alcohol, ethanol is derived from fermented fruits, grains, or other carbohydrates. The fermentation process converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide, with yeast playing a crucial role in this biochemical reaction. Beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits contain ethanol in varying concentrations, ranging from about 4% to over 40%.

Ethanol has both medicinal and recreational uses. It is used as an antiseptic for cleaning wounds due to its ability to kill bacteria and fungi. However, excessive consumption can lead to health issues, including liver damage, addiction, and other serious conditions. Ethanol is classified as a psychoactive substance, meaning it affects the central nervous system, producing relaxation, euphoria, and, in higher doses, intoxication.

Regulation of ethanol production and consumption varies by country, with restrictions often placed on its sale, advertising, and driving under its influence. Ethanol is also a renewable resource, and its use as a biofuel has gained attention as an alternative to fossil fuels.