Ericoideae

Ericoideae is a subfamily of the heath family, Ericaceae. It comprises a diverse group of mostly evergreen shrubs and small trees adapted to acidic, nutrient-poor soils. The subfamily is primarily distributed in cool temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, flourishing in heathlands, moorlands, peatlands, and mountain forests. Members are typically low- to medium-statured with simple, small leaves that are often scale-like or needle-like. Flowers are usually small, urn-shaped or bell-shaped, frequently arranged in dense inflorescences; fruits are typically capsules containing tiny seeds.

Taxonomy: Ericoideae has long been recognized as a major lineage within Ericaceae. Its circumscription has varied with taxonomy, and molecular studies have clarified relationships within the group. Notable genera commonly associated with Ericoideae include Erica (heaths) and Calluna (heathers), as well as Daboecia and Andromeda in some classifications.

Ecology: Many ericoid shrubs form ericoid mycorrhizal associations with fungi that help extract nutrients from compacted or acidic soils. They often dominate nutrient-poor substrates and are adapted to fire in some ecosystems.

Cultivation and use: Several ericoid species are valued in horticulture for their evergreen foliage and attractive flowers. They require acidic, well-drained soils and generally prefer full sun to partial shade; they can be sensitive to liming and high nutrient levels.