heathers

Heather refers to several evergreen shrubs in the family Ericaceae, most notably the genus Calluna. The best known species is Calluna vulgaris, commonly called common heather or ling. In horticulture, the term also covers related ericaceous shrubs that form low, spreading ground cover on acidic soils.

Heather plants have small evergreen leaves and woody, branching stems. Calluna vulgaris typically grows to 20–50 cm tall, though some cultivars are taller. Flowers are tiny, urn-shaped, and borne in dense spikes from late summer to autumn. Colors range from pink and purple to white.

The plant is native to temperate regions of Europe and parts of Asia and thrives on poor, acidic, well-drained soils in heathlands, moorlands, and bog margins. It favors cool climates and can tolerate wind and frost. In many regions it forms extensive stands that support wildlife and define the landscape of upland heaths.

In cultivation, heathers are prized as ornamental ground covers, borders, and rock gardens. They prefer full sun and acidic soil, and respond well to light pruning after flowering to maintain compact forms. Heather nectar supports pollinators in late summer, and heather honey is produced in some regions.

Conservation concerns affect some heathland habitats, which are sensitive to nutrient enrichment and land-use changes. Protection and habitat management, including grazing, cutting, or controlled burning, are used to maintain biodiversity and the characteristic structure of heather-dominated ecosystems.