Calluna

Calluna is a genus of flowering plants in the heath family (Ericaceae), commonly known as heather. The genus includes several evergreen shrubs, the best known being Calluna vulgaris, the common heather. Native to Europe and parts of Asia, Calluna species typically inhabit acidic, well-drained soils of heaths, moors, and upland woods. Plants are compact and low-growing, usually reaching 20–60 cm in height, though dwarf cultivars are shorter. They have slender, reddish-brown stems with tiny, scale-like evergreen leaves.

In late summer to autumn, Calluna produces dense spikes of small, tubular or bell-shaped flowers. Colors range from pink and purple to white, depending on species and cultivar. The flowering spikes are a hallmark of the genus and can persist for several weeks, attracting pollinators such as bees.

Cultivation and care: Calluna prefers full sun and acidic, well-drained soils with low fertility. It dislikes lime and heavy, poorly drained soils. Pruning after flowering helps maintain a compact habit and promotes next year’s bloom. Most varieties are hardy in temperate regions (USDA zones 5–8), but extreme winter wet or drought can affect performance. Propagation is typically by semi-ripe cuttings taken in summer, or by layering.

Uses: Calluna is widely grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes, used as a ground cover, in borders, or in pebble and rock gardens. It is valued for year-round foliage and late-season flowers, and supports pollinators during late summer and autumn.