heather

Heather is the common name for several low-growing shrubs in the family Ericaceae, most notably Calluna vulgaris, the common heather, and various species in the Erica genus. The term also refers to the heathland ecosystems where these plants predominate, known as heaths or heathlands.

Heather plants are evergreen, with small scale-like leaves. Calluna vulgaris forms a sprawling shrub typically 20–60 cm tall, though cultivated varieties can be taller or creeping. Erica species are often more upright and produce bottle-brush or panicles of tiny flowers. Flowers are usually pink, purple, or white and are produced in dense spikes or clusters from late summer into autumn, with some Erica varieties extending into winter. The plants prefer acidic, well-drained soils and full sun.

Ecology and distribution: heathers are native to western Europe, parts of Scandinavia, and parts of western Asia. They thrive on nutrient-poor, acidic soils such as those found on moorlands, sandy heath, and peatlands. They are adapted to harsh weather and fire regimes in some environments. Heather habitats support a range of wildlife, including pollinators and specialized insects, and contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem structure.

Cultivation and uses: in gardening, heathers are valued as evergreen groundcovers, low hedges, or border plants. They require acidic soil and good drainage, with full sun for best flowering. Pruning after flowering helps maintain shape and prevent legginess. Heather is also used in landscape restoration, erosion control on slopes, and as cut flowers or in floral arrangements; the nectar from heather supports honey production in some regions.