Enzimszintek

Enzimszintek, commonly translated as enzyme levels, refer to the concentration or activity of enzymes in a biological sample, typically serum. In clinical laboratory medicine, enzimszintek are used to assess organ function and to detect tissue injury. Enzymes are measured by their activity, often reported as units per liter (U/L) in serum, though other units or methods may be used. Reference ranges vary by laboratory, age, sex, and assay method.

Commonly measured enzyme panels include liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT); pancreatic enzymes such as amylase and lipase; and muscle or cardiac enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK) and its isoforms (CK-MM, CK-MB). Elevations of ALT and AST suggest hepatocellular injury; a cholestatic pattern features raised ALP and GGT; elevated amylase or lipase points to pancreatic involvement; raised CK indicates muscle injury, with CK-MB historically used in cardiac contexts.

Interpretation depends on pattern, timing, and clinical context. Enzyme levels can rise within hours of injury and decline as healing occurs; they are not disease-specific and can be influenced by preanalytical factors (hemolysis, lipemia), medications, strenuous exercise, age, and pregnancy. Isoenzyme analysis can help localize the source when needed.

In modern practice, enzimszintek are one component of diagnostic workups and are often complemented by imaging, other biomarkers, and clinical assessment.