Enterohemorrhagic
Entrohemorrhagic refers to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a pathovar of E. coli that causes hemorrhagic colitis and, in some cases, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The most prominent member is serotype O157:H7, but non-O157 serotypes also cause disease.
Pathogenesis involves the production of Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) encoded by bacteriophages. These toxins inhibit
Transmission is primarily foodborne and zoonotic. Cattle are common reservoirs, and infections are associated with undercooked
Clinical features typically begin with abrupt abdominal cramps and diarrhea, which may progress from watery to
Diagnosis relies on detection of Shiga toxins in stool or isolation of the organism with toxin-associated testing.
Treatment is primarily supportive, including fluids and electrolyte management. Antibiotics and antimotility agents are generally avoided,