Shiga

Shiga Prefecture is a prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan, located on the island of Honshu. Its capital is Ōtsu. The name Shiga is used for the modern prefecture, while its historic roots lie in the ancient Ōmi Province. The region surrounds Lake Biwa, the largest freshwater lake in Japan, and features a mix of forested mountains in the north and fertile plains along the southern shore.

Geography and climate are dominated by Lake Biwa and its watershed. The lake supports fisheries and tourism, and the surrounding area includes rural towns, historic towns, and hot springs. The landscape provides outdoor recreation opportunities and serves as a corridor between Kyoto and the eastern part of the country.

Historically, the area was an integral part of Ōmi Province and developed as a transportation link between Kyoto and eastern provinces. During the feudal era, several castles and post towns arose along routes that later influenced modern infrastructure. Modern Shiga was established as a prefecture in the late 19th century and has since integrated into Japan’s industrial and service economies.

Economy and industry combine manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. Key industries include chemicals, paper, food processing, and light manufacturing, with Lake Biwa supporting fisheries and recreational activities. Tourism centers around water-based attractions, historic sites, and scenic landscapes.

Notable sites include Hikone Castle, a well-preserved feudal fortress on the shores of Lake Biwa, which attracts visitors and serves as a cultural landmark. The prefecture also features traditional towns, museums, and natural scenery that highlight its regional heritage.

As of 2020, Shiga had an estimated population of about 1.4 million. The prefecture is administered from Ōtsu and includes cities such as Hikone, Kusatsu, Nagahama, and Moriyama, with transportation connections via JR West lines, roads, and Lake Biwa ferries linking to Kyoto, Osaka, and surrounding areas.