Engorgementand

Engorgementand is not a recognized term in medical literature. This article uses the concept of engorgement—a swelling of tissue caused by increased blood flow, venous congestion, or accumulation of secretions such as milk—to describe related conditions and contexts.

Engorgement in lactation is a common and well-described state when milk production outpaces emptying, leading to swollen, tender breasts. It can occur in the early postpartum period or during times of irregular feeding patterns. Symptoms include firm, warm breasts that may be painful, sometimes with fever or flu-like symptoms if mastitis develops. Management focuses on relieving fullness and promoting milk drainage: frequent breastfeeding or pumping, proper latch, warm compresses or showers before feeding, and cool compresses afterward. A well-fitting supportive bra and analgesics can help with discomfort. It is important to monitor for signs of infection, such as localized redness, fever, or worsening pain, which may indicate mastitis or abscess and require medical evaluation.

Engorgement can also occur outside the lactation context, including genital and peripheral tissues. Penile or clitoral engorgement can be part of normal arousal due to increased blood flow, but persistent or painful engorgement may indicate a medical problem such as priapism, requiring urgent care. General tissue engorgement can result from fluid overload, venous insufficiency, inflammation, or cardiovascular or renal conditions, and evaluation should address the underlying cause.

Diagnosis typically relies on history and physical examination; imaging or laboratory tests are used as needed to exclude infection, thrombosis, or systemic illness. If symptoms are sudden, unilateral, severe, or accompanied by systemic signs, professional medical advice should be sought.