Energifattig

Energifattig is a term used in Nordic and European policy discourse to describe households that experience energy poverty—difficulty affording energy services or keeping their homes adequately warm. It encompasses situations where energy costs take up a large share of income or where households must reduce heating or other essential energy use to make ends meet. The concept covers renters and owners alike and is linked to housing conditions, climatic demands, and income levels.

Causes of energifattig include low household income, high and volatile energy prices, and inefficient housing stock that requires more energy for heating and power. Vulnerable groups—such as pensioners, families with children, people with disabilities, and low-income renters—are often disproportionately affected. The problem can be reinforced by debt, limited access to affordable credit, and inadequate social protection.

Measurement relies on indicators like energy expenditure as a share of household income, self-reported difficulty paying energy bills, and the ability to maintain a minimum comfortable indoor temperature. Data are drawn from national statistics and European metrics to monitor prevalence and trends, and to evaluate policy impact.

Policy responses typically combine protections against high energy bills with investments in energy efficiency. Tools include social tariffs or subsidies, direct warmth allowances, and financing for home insulation, efficient heating systems, and building retrofits. The overarching goal is to reduce energy burden, improve living conditions, and align with health and climate objectives.