Energieminima
Energieminima, the German term for energy minima, describes points on a system’s potential energy surface where the energy is at a local minimum with respect to small displacements in coordinates. They occur in molecular conformations, crystal structures, and mechanical systems. An energy minimum is stable against small perturbations at zero temperature.
Global minimum is the absolute lowest energy among all configurations; local minima are lower than neighboring
Mathematically, a minimum is a point x where the gradient ∇V(x) = 0 and the Hessian ∂^2V/∂x^2 at
Common algorithms include steepest descent and conjugate gradient methods; Newton or quasi-Newton methods such as BFGS
Applications cover chemistry (stable molecular conformations and reaction intermediates), materials science (stable crystal structures and defects),