Endoteliaalivaurio

Endoteliaalivaurio, or endothelial damage, refers to the injury or dysfunction of the endothelium, the single layer of cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular health, regulating blood flow, controlling inflammation, and preventing blood clot formation. Damage to this delicate layer can disrupt these vital functions.

Several factors can lead to endothelial damage. These include mechanical stress from high blood pressure, inflammatory processes caused by infections or autoimmune diseases, exposure to toxins like cigarette smoke or certain medications, and metabolic abnormalities such as high cholesterol or diabetes. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, is also a significant contributor.

The consequences of endothelial damage are far-reaching. It can lead to increased permeability of the blood vessel walls, allowing substances like LDL cholesterol to enter the vessel wall, initiating the process of atherosclerosis. Damaged endothelium also promotes inflammation, impairs vasodilation (the widening of blood vessels), and can lead to the formation of blood clots. This dysfunction is a key early event in the development of many cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease. Recognizing and addressing the causes of endothelial damage are therefore critical for preventing and managing these serious health conditions.