Elektroforézissel

Elektroforézissel is a scientific technique used to separate molecules based on their size and electrical charge. The process involves applying an electric field to a solution containing the molecules. Charged molecules will migrate towards the electrode with the opposite charge. Smaller molecules generally move faster through the medium than larger ones, allowing for separation. This technique is widely applied in various scientific fields, including molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics.

The separation medium is typically a gel, such as agarose or polyacrylamide, which acts as a sieve. The gel matrix impedes the movement of larger molecules more than smaller ones. The electric current is passed through the gel, causing the charged molecules to move. Different types of electrophoresis exist, including gel electrophoresis (agarose and polyacrylamide), capillary electrophoresis, and 2D electrophoresis, each suited for specific applications and types of molecules.

In molecular biology, gel electrophoresis is commonly used to analyze DNA and RNA fragments. For example, it can be used to determine the size of PCR products or to separate restriction fragments. Proteins can also be separated by electrophoresis, often after being denatured and coated with a uniform negative charge using a detergent like SDS (SDS-PAGE). The separated molecules are visualized using various staining methods or by using fluorescent labels. The resulting pattern, often referred to as a "ladder" or "band," provides information about the size and quantity of the separated components. Elektroforézissel is a fundamental tool for research and diagnostics.