Elektrijuhtmeid

Elektrijuhtmeid, also referred to as electrical conductors or wires, are components designed to carry electrical power and signals between devices, machines, and electrical systems. They typically consist of a conductive core made of copper or aluminum, which may be solid or stranded. The core is insulated with polymeric materials such as PVC, polyethylene, or cross-linked polyethylene, and often protected by an outer jacket. In some installations, particularly in harsh environments or for mechanical protection, the cables are armored and may be provided as flexible cords for portable use.

Conductors come in various configurations, including single-core and multi-core forms, as well as flexible or rigid types. They are used as isolated wires for internal wiring in buildings, as cables in distribution networks, and as feeders or appliance connections. Insulation and jacket materials are chosen based on temperature rating, voltage level, environmental exposure, and fire performance. Common classifications include low-voltage and medium-voltage cables, as well as specialized cables for outdoor or underground use.

Materials and construction influence durability and safety. Copper offers high conductivity and ductility, while aluminum provides cost advantages for larger cables. Insulation may be flame-retardant, moisture-resistant, and UV-stable, and armor may provide mechanical protection. Color-coding and labeling help identify conductors in installations, though codes vary by region.

Standards and safety regulate the manufacture and use of elektrijuhtmeid. International standards from organizations such as IEC and EN are commonly adopted alongside national or local building codes. Proper sizing, protection against short circuits, and adherence to electrical regulations are essential to ensure safe operation and reliability of electrical installations.