Elasticplastische

Elasticplastische is a concept used in materials science to describe materials whose mechanical response includes both elastic and plastic deformation under loading. The elastic portion is reversible and obeys Hooke’s law up to a yield point; beyond yield, permanent plastic deformation accumulates, allowing the material to carry additional load but with a changed shape.

Key ideas in elasticplastische behavior include the yield criterion, which defines when plasticity begins. Common criteria for ductile metals are the von Mises (J2) criterion and the Tresca criterion. Materials may exhibit hardening after yielding: isotropic hardening, where the yield surface grows uniformly, and kinematic hardening, where the yield surface shifts in stress space. In many models, a combination of isotropic and kinematic hardening is used to capture realistic behavior.

Constitutive modeling of elasticplastische materials typically splits strain into elastic and plastic parts. The elastic part follows a linear or nonlinear elastic law, relating stress and elastic strain through a stiffness (modulus) tensor. Plastic flow is governed by a flow rule and a yield surface, with the evolution of internal variables described by a hardening law. Rate-independent formulations often employ J2 plasticity with Prandtl–Reuss relations, while rate-dependent formulations introduce viscoplastic effects to capture strain-rate sensitivity.

Applications of elasticplastische concepts are widespread, especially in metal forming (stamping, forging) and structural analysis using finite element methods. Understanding the balance between elastic and plastic responses is essential to predict permanent deformation, residual stresses, and potential failure. The term is frequently encountered in German-language texts and in discussions of material behavior beyond purely elastic limits.