Eitrunarsjúkdóma

Eitrunarsjúkdóma, also known as poisoning, refers to illnesses caused by the ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of toxic substances. These substances, or toxins, can be chemicals, drugs, natural poisons, or biological agents. The effects of poisoning can range from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening conditions, depending on the type of toxin, the amount of exposure, and the individual's health.

Symptoms of poisoning vary widely. They can include gastrointestinal distress such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Neurological effects like dizziness, confusion, seizures, or coma are also common. Respiratory problems, cardiovascular changes, and skin irritation or burns can also occur. In some cases, organ damage, such as to the liver or kidneys, may result.

Causes of poisoning are diverse. Accidental ingestion of household chemicals, medications taken in overdose, or poisonous plants and mushrooms are frequent culprits. Intentional ingestion of toxins, either in suicide attempts or as part of criminal activity, also occurs. Exposure through skin contact with certain substances, or inhalation of toxic fumes, can lead to poisoning as well. Certain foodborne illnesses are also a form of poisoning caused by toxins produced by bacteria.

Diagnosis of poisoning typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood and urine tests can identify specific toxins. Treatment aims to remove the poison from the body, prevent further absorption, and manage the symptoms. This may include inducing vomiting, using activated charcoal to bind the toxin, administering antidotes, or providing supportive care such as respiratory support or intravenous fluids. Prompt medical attention is crucial for a positive outcome in cases of poisoning.