Egba

Egba is a Yoruba sub-ethnic group of southwestern Nigeria, concentrated in Egbaland, a cultural and historical region centered on Abeokuta in Ogun State. The Egba traditionally inhabit Abeokuta and its surrounding towns and have diasporic communities in Lagos and other areas. They speak Yoruba, with the Egbá dialect as part of the Yoruba language continuum.

Historically, the Egba were organized into several autonomous communities that eventually formed a political confederation. Abeokuta’s Olumo Rock fortifications are iconic of the Egba’s early urban organization and resistance to rival forces. In the late 19th century, relations with British authorities led to the creation of the Egba United Government (EUG), a protectorate-style administration seated in Abeokuta. The EUG lasted until the colonial reorganization of 1914, after which Egba lands became part of the Western Province; eventually these areas became part of what is now Ogun State.

Traditional governance remains important in Egba communities, with prominent titles such as the Alake of Egba Land serving as the senior monarch in Abeokuta. The Egba maintain Yoruba cultural practices, festivals, and arts, while many adherents practice Christianity or Islam and others retain traditional beliefs.

Today the Egba are a major Yoruba subgroup within Ogun State, contributing to Nigeria’s religious, cultural, and economic life. Notable landmarks include Olumo Rock and historical sites linked to the Egba United Government.