Efflorescent

Efflorescent is an adjective with two principal senses. In botany and horticulture, it describes a plant or cultivar that produces flowers prolifically, often in a short period. In mineralogy, chemistry and material science, efflorescent refers to a process where soluble salts migrate to the surface of a porous material and crystallize as a crust after evaporation of water. The term derives from Latin efflorescere, meaning to blossom out, via French and English usage.

In botanical usage, efflorescence emphasizes flowering abundance or display rather than specific species. An efflorescent plant may bloom repeatedly or with high floral density, contributing to a striking seasonal display. The term is descriptive rather than taxonomic and is commonly used by gardeners and horticulturists to characterize growth habit.

In architectural and mineral contexts, efflorescence occurs when moisture within a porous material dissolves soluble salts and transports them to the surface, where they crystallize as a white, powdery or crusty deposit. This phenomenon is common on brick, concrete, plaster, and stone, especially in damp or poorly ventilated conditions. Efflorescence is primarily a surface issue and does not necessarily indicate permanent chemical damage, but it can signal ongoing moisture problems. Remediation typically focuses on moisture control and careful cleaning to reduce recurrence.

See also effloresce.