Edemelor

Edemelor is the Romanian plural term for edema, the medical condition characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body's interstitial spaces or other compartments. In general terms, edema occurs when fluid exchange between capillaries and surrounding tissues becomes imbalanced due to changes in hydrostatic or oncotic pressures, lymphatic drainage, or capillary permeability.

Common forms include peripheral edema, which affects the legs and ankles; dependent edema, which worsens with gravity; pulmonary edema, which involves fluid buildup in the lungs; and cerebral or generalized edema in more severe cases. Edema can be non-pitting or pitting, depending on tissue changes and the amount of fluid.

Causes are diverse and often relate to underlying diseases or factors such as heart failure, chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, venous insufficiency, lymphatic obstruction, malnutrition, pregnancy, hormonal changes, and medication effects (for example certain calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs, or steroids). Other contributors include prolonged standing or immobility, infections, and inflammatory processes.

Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and history, noting the onset, distribution, and accompanying symptoms. A physical examination includes checking for pitting, skin changes, and signs of underlying disease. Laboratory tests (kidney and liver function, electrolyte balance, albumin), natriuretic peptide levels, and imaging (ultrasound to assess venous flow or lymphatics, chest X-ray for pulmonary edema) may be used to identify causes. In some cases, additional studies are warranted.

Management focuses on treating the underlying cause and relieving symptoms. Strategies include diuretics, compression therapy, leg elevation, and salt and fluid restrictions. Addressing contributing conditions (heart failure, kidney or liver disease, venous insufficiency) is essential, along with lifestyle measures and, when appropriate, procedures to restore lymphatic drainage. Prognosis varies with the underlying condition and the effectiveness of treatment.