lymphatics
The lymphatics, or lymphatic system, is a network of vessels and organs that drains interstitial fluid, transports immune cells, and participates in fat absorption and immune surveillance. It consists of lymphatic capillaries, collecting lymphatics, lymph nodes, and proximal vessels, as well as major lymphatic trunks and ducts such as the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct. Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended, highly permeable vessels with overlapping endothelial cells that form primary valves, allowing interstitial fluid, proteins, and lipids to enter. Lymph collected by capillaries passes into collecting vessels, which contain smooth muscle in their walls and internal valves to promote unidirectional flow. The vessels converge into lymph nodes, which filter lymph and provide sites for immune activation. Eventually lymph drains into one of the major ducts that return it to the venous system, typically at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins.
Lymph serves several roles: maintaining fluid balance by returning excess interstitial fluid to blood, absorbing fats
Movement of lymph is aided by smooth muscle contractions in the vessel walls, surrounding skeletal muscles,
Common clinical issues include lymphedema due to obstruction or damage to lymphatics, infections such as lymphangitis,