Ecosystemsthat

Ecosystemsthat is not a standard term in ecology. In scholarly writing, the string usually results from a typographical artifact of the phrase "ecosystems that" used to introduce a clause. There is no separate concept by this name, and readers should treat it as contextual text rather than a distinct topic.

An ecosystem is a complex, dynamic network of living organisms and their physical environment. It includes biotic components (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (air, water, soil, climate). Through interactions, energy flows and nutrients cycle, sustaining the system and supporting life.

Ecosystems have structure and function. They exhibit processes such as photosynthesis, predation, decomposition, pollination, and symbiotic relationships. They are characterized by resilience and feedbacks that maintain organization despite disturbances. Disturbances such as fires, floods, or human pressures can alter composition and function, sometimes triggering ecological succession.

Ecosystem services are benefits people receive, including provisioning (food, water), regulating (climate, flood control, disease), supporting (pollination, soil formation), and cultural (recreation, aesthetics). Valuing these services helps inform conservation and land-use decisions.

Classification covers biomes (forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands) and aquatic systems (rivers, lakes, oceans). At larger scales, landscape connectivity and cross-border processes matter, as species migrate and nutrients move through catchments, making ecosystems part of broader ecological networks.

Conservation and restoration seek to protect ecosystem services and restore ecological processes. Strategies include habitat protection, reducing fragmentation, invasive species management, and ecosystem restoration that aims to reestablish native species, soil health, and self-sustaining energy and nutrient cycles.