E212

E212 refers to potassium benzoate, one of the benzoate food additives used in the European Union. It is the potassium salt of benzoic acid and is categorized primarily as a preservative and acidity regulator. Potassium benzoate helps inhibit the growth of yeasts, molds, and some bacteria in acidic foods and beverages.

Chemically, potassium benzoate has the formula C7H5KO2 and a molecular weight of about 144.15 g/mol. It appears as a white crystalline powder and is soluble in water. Its antimicrobial effectiveness is best in foods with a low pH, where it remains stable and active against spoilage microbes.

Applications for E212 include a wide range of acidic products such as fruit juices, carbonated beverages, pickles, dressings, sauces, and certain dairy desserts. It is chosen for its compatibility with acidic systems and its relatively mild impact on flavor and appearance.

Regulatory and safety notes indicate that potassium benzoate is permitted for use in many foods within specified limits. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) for benzoic acid and its salts, including potassium benzoate, is commonly cited as up to 5 mg per kg of body weight. While generally regarded as safe, some individuals may have sensitivities or allergic reactions. In rare cases, benzoates have been linked to benzene formation in beverages containing ascorbic acid under certain conditions, leading to regulatory scrutiny and quality controls to minimize risk.

See also: E210 benzoic acid, E211 sodium benzoate, E213 calcium benzoate.