E211

E211 is the European food additive code for sodium benzoate, a preservative used to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds in acidic foods and beverages. It is common in soft drinks, fruit juices, pickles, dressings, jams, and condiments.

Chemically, it is the sodium salt of benzoic acid (C7H5O2Na). It is most effective at low pH, where it converts to benzoic acid that disrupts microbial metabolism. It is often used with other preservatives and acidity regulators.

Regulatory status varies by jurisdiction. In the European Union, E211 is permitted in many foods and drinks with product-specific limits. Typical maximums are around 0.1% by weight in foods and lower in beverages, and the additive must be declared on ingredient labels.

Safety: Authorities generally consider sodium benzoate safe at approved levels. The WHO/FAO set an acceptable daily intake of up to 5 mg per kg of body weight (as benzoic acid). Some individuals may be sensitive, and benzene formation under certain conditions has prompted monitoring and guidance for manufacturers and regulators.

See also: E numbers, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate.