Ducto

Ducto is a term used to describe a conduit or passage that transports air, gases, liquids, or cables within buildings and industrial facilities. In English the corresponding term is duct; in Spanish and Portuguese the word ducto covers similar meanings. Ducts are essential components of ventilation, heating, and air conditioning systems, but they also serve in plumbing, industrial processes, and electrical installation. Common forms include air ducts for supply and return air, exhaust ducts, and process ducts for handling fumes and particulates. In power and communications infrastructure, cable or fiber ducts and conduits are used to protect and organize wiring.

Ducts are typically constructed from sheet metal, fiberglass, or plastic, with materials chosen for rigidity, corrosion resistance, and insulation. Round or rectangular cross-sections are common in buildings; flexible ducts are used for short connections. In industrial settings, ducts may be large and custom-fabricated, sometimes featuring fire-rated ratings and dampers to control airflow and contain smoke. Electrical conduits—rigid metal, EMT, or PVC—also fall under the broader category of ducting, used to protect and route electrical cables.

Design and installation follow standards and guidelines from organizations such as SMACNA and ASHRAE, including considerations of air velocity, pressure loss, insulation, leakage, noise, and fire safety. Regular maintenance involves cleaning, sealing leaks, and replacing degraded components to ensure indoor air quality and system efficiency.

Ducts are distinguished from pipes by their purpose and often from conduits by the inclusion of protective routing for mechanical systems rather than fluid transport.