Drivelektronik

Drivelektronik (drive electronics) is the field of electronics and control systems that powers and commands electric machines. It combines power electronics (rectifiers, DC links, inverters, gate drivers) with motor control and feedback systems. A drive electronic system typically includes a power stage that supplies the motor, a control unit that implements algorithms, and sensors that provide speed, position, current and torque feedback.

Common architectures include AC drives (variable-frequency drives for AC motors), DC drives, servo drives and stepper drives. In all cases the drive converts incoming electrical energy to the precise voltage, current and frequency required by the motor. Applications span industrial automation, robotics, CNC machines, elevators, HVAC, and traction in trains or electric vehicles.

Control methods include open-loop and closed-loop control, with advanced techniques such as field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). PWM and others regulate the output of inverters. Modern drives integrate microcontrollers, DSPs or FPGAs, and support various communication interfaces (CAN, Ethernet, Modbus, Profibus). Efficiency, thermal management, and electromagnetic compatibility are key design considerations.

Standards and safety: drive systems are covered by the IEC 61800 family. Reliability, diagnostics and remote monitoring are increasing with Industry 4.0. The trend toward integrated motor drives and motor health monitoring supports energy savings and predictive maintenance.