Dozimetriai

Dozimetriai refers to the science and practice of measuring radiation doses, both ionizing and non-ionizing, to assess their effects on humans, biological systems, and materials. The term originates from the Greek words *dosis* (meaning "portion" or "dose") and *metron* (meaning "measure"). It plays a critical role in fields such as medical physics, nuclear safety, environmental monitoring, and industrial applications where radiation exposure must be controlled or evaluated.

In the context of ionizing radiation—such as X-rays, gamma rays, or alpha and beta particles—dozimetriai involves quantifying the energy deposited per unit mass of tissue, typically measured in units like grays (Gy) or sieverts (Sv). Personal dosimeters, such as film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), or electronic pocket dosimeters, are commonly used to monitor occupational exposure for workers in industries like healthcare, nuclear power, or aerospace. These devices provide objective records of cumulative radiation doses, helping to ensure compliance with regulatory limits and protect individuals from excessive exposure.

Non-ionizing radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) light or radiofrequency waves, also falls under dozimetriai, though its measurement focuses on energy density or intensity rather than biological effects. Instruments like spectroradiometers or dosimeters for UV exposure are employed to assess risks in occupational settings, such as tanning salons or outdoor work environments.

Accurate dozimetriai is essential for safeguarding public health, optimizing therapeutic treatments in radiotherapy, and preventing environmental contamination. Advances in technology, including digital dosimeters and real-time monitoring systems, continue to improve precision and accessibility in radiation measurement. Standards and protocols, established by organizations like the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), guide best practices in dozimetriai to ensure consistency and reliability across different applications.