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TLDs

Top-level domains (TLDs) are the highest level in the domain name system, appearing as the final segment after the last dot in a domain name. They are a fundamental part of how domain names are organized and resolved on the Internet. For example, in www.example.com, the suffix 'com' is the TLD.

TLDs are classified into several categories. Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) are not tied to a country and

Administration and policy are separate from the technical function of the DNS. Each TLD is operated by

Resolution of a domain name follows a path from the user’s recursive resolver to the root servers,

include
well‑known
names
such
as
.com,
.org,
.net,
and
newer
strings
such
as
.shop
or
.app.
Country-code
top-level
domains
(ccTLDs)
consist
of
two
letters
derived
from
ISO
3166-1
codes
and
are
associated
with
a
country
or
territory,
such
as
.uk,
.de,
or
.jp.
In
addition
to
the
original
set
of
TLDs,
ICANN
expanded
the
namespace
through
the
New
gTLD
Program,
introducing
a
large
number
of
brand,
community,
geographic,
and
thematic
TLDs.
a
registry
that
maintains
the
database
of
second-level
domains
within
that
TLD;
registrars
sell
registrations
to
the
public.
The
Internet
Assigned
Numbers
Authority
(IANA)
coordinates
the
global
DNS
root
zone
and
works
with
ICANN
on
policy.
VeriSign
currently
operates
the
registries
for
.com
and
.net
under
contract.
which
point
to
the
TLD
servers,
to
the
authoritative
servers
for
the
specific
domain,
and
back
to
the
requester
with
the
IP
address.
TLDs
influence
branding,
governance,
and
eligibility
rules
and
are
subject
to
dispute
resolution
processes
for
trademark
issues
and
other
conflicts.
The
ecosystem
continues
to
evolve
with
ongoing
policy
and
technical
developments.