gTLD

A gTLD, or generic top-level domain, is a category of domain names in the Domain Name System (DNS). A gTLD sits at the highest level of the DNS, directly beneath the root, and is not tied to any specific country. The operation and policy of gTLDs are coordinated by ICANN, with registries managing each gTLD and registrars selling registrations to end users.

Traditional gTLDs include .com, .org, and .net, along with others such as .info and .biz. Some gTLDs are restricted or sponsored to particular communities, for example .edu for educational institutions, .gov for government entities, and sponsored TLDs like .aero for air transport or .museum for museums. This category also includes many newer, widely used options that serve branding or thematic purposes.

Since 2012 ICANN has run the New gTLD Program to introduce a large number of new gTLDs, such as .shop, .online, .tech, .blog, and many others. Each new gTLD has its own registry operator, eligibility rules, and pricing, and registrations are obtained through accredited registrars. The growth of gTLDs has expanded choices for individuals and organizations seeking a distinct online presence while raising considerations related to branding, stewardship, and competition.

In practice, gTLDs form part of the broader DNS ecosystem alongside ccTLDs (country-code top-level domains). They enable branding, geographic, or thematic identity for websites, and are governed by policies on security, privacy, and dispute resolution, including mechanisms like DNSSEC and the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP).