Dosimetrieapparatuur

Dosimetrieapparatuur is equipment used to measure and monitor radiation dose. It is employed in medical diagnostics, radiation therapy, nuclear power plants, industrial radiography and environmental monitoring. The purpose is to verify that exposure levels remain within prescribed limits to protect patients, operators and the public. The instrumentation is typically calibrated against known radiation sources and follows international standards such as IEC 60825 and ISO 4034.

In medical applications, dosimetry devices are integral to image‑guided radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology. Radiochromic film, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLD) record the cumulative dose delivered to tissues. For real‑time monitoring intraoperatively, electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) and dose‑area product meters provide instantaneous feedback. In industrial settings, personal dosimeters worn by workers in X‑ray inspection facilities or maintenance of radioactive equipment provide continuous dose rate monitoring and log cumulative exposure.

Historically, the evolution of dosimetry has followed the development of ionizing radiation sources. Early methods relied on photographic plates and gas chambers; the 1960s saw the introduction of semiconductor detectors. Modern dosimetry combines high‑precision electronics, digital readout and wireless communication, enabling integration with work‑force management systems and reliability databases.

Typical components of a dosimetry system include sensors, data acquisition units, calibration protocols and software for dose reconstruction. Quality assurance of dosimetry equipment involves periodic verification against reference standards, assessment of linearity, energy dependence and angular response. Accurate dosimetry underpins safe radiation practices, regulatory compliance and optimisation of therapeutic benefit while minimising risk.