Divali

Divali, also spelled Diwali, is a major festival in Hinduism that is widely observed by Jains, Sikhs, and some Buddhists. It is commonly described as the festival of lights, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness and of knowledge over ignorance. The name derives from the Sanskrit deepavali, meaning a row of lamps. The festival takes place on Amavasya, the new‑moon night in the Hindu lunisolar month Kartik, usually in October or November.

In Hindu tradition, Diwali has several regional legends. In northern and central India, it commonly commemorates the return of Rama to Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile and his victory over the demon king Ravana. Other communities focus on Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, and pray for prosperity. Ganesha, the remover of obstacles, is also worshiped during the celebrations.

Diwali is typically observed over five days, though timings vary by region. Practices include lighting oil lamps and candles, decorating homes with rangoli designs, exchanging sweets and gifts, performing puja (rituals) to Lakshmi and Ganesha, and sharing festive meals. In many places, people buy items for auspicious beginnings on Dhanteras and celebrate with fireworks on the main night.

Beyond India, Diwali is celebrated by diaspora communities around the world, adapting customs to local traditions. In Jainism, it marks Mahavira's attainment of moksha; in Sikhism, it is known as Bandi Chhor Divas, commemorating the release of Guru Hargobind from imprisonment. The festival emphasizes renewal, harmony, and goodwill.