Discbromsar

Discbromsar, commonly known as disc brakes, are braking systems that slow or stop a wheel by applying friction to a rotating disc, or rotor, connected to the wheel hub. They use calipers housing one or more pistons that, when activated by hydraulic or mechanical force, squeeze brake pads against both faces of the disc, converting kinetic energy into heat.

In the early 20th century, disc brakes were developed as an alternative to drum brakes and gained traction in aviation and high-performance automobiles before becoming standard in most vehicles. Modern disc brakes are found on most automobiles, motorcycles, and bicycles, with high-performance and luxury models offering enhanced materials such as ceramic or carbon-ceramic rotors.

Key components include the rotor (solid or vented), caliper (floating or fixed), pads, and the hydraulic or mechanical actuation system (master cylinder, lines, and sometimes an electronic ABS module). Rotors can be solid or vented to improve heat dissipation; calipers can be single-piston or multi-piston.

Operation: when the driver presses the brake pedal, hydraulic fluid transfers pressure to the caliper pistons, forcing the pads against the rotor. Friction slows the wheel and converts energy into heat. In wet conditions, discs shed water quickly and often provide better performance than drum brakes.

Maintenance: regular inspection of pads and rotors, replacement when worn, and rotor resurfacing or replacement if warped or scored. Proper lubrication of sliding components and correct rotor runout are important for smooth operation.