Desnutrición

Desnutrición refers to a condition characterized by a deficiency in energy, protein, or other nutrients that impairs tissue and body growth, function, and immunity. It can manifest in various forms, including undernutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight) and micronutrient deficiencies. Undernutrition arises from inadequate food intake, poor absorption of nutrients, or increased nutrient loss. Stunting is a chronic form of undernutrition resulting in a low height for age, while wasting is a severe and rapid weight loss leading to a low weight for height. Underweight signifies a low weight for age. Micronutrient deficiencies, often termed "hidden hunger," involve a lack of essential vitamins and minerals, even if caloric intake is sufficient.

The causes of desnutrición are multifaceted and often interconnected. Poverty, food insecurity, inadequate access to healthcare, poor sanitation, infectious diseases, and lack of education about proper nutrition all contribute to its prevalence. Pregnant and lactating women, infants, young children, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable populations.

The consequences of desnutrición can be severe and long-lasting. In children, it can lead to irreversible physical and cognitive impairments, increasing susceptibility to illness and mortality. In adults, it can result in reduced productivity, weakened immune systems, and increased risk of chronic diseases. Addressing desnutrición requires a comprehensive approach involving improved food security, access to healthcare and education, promotion of breastfeeding, and targeted nutritional interventions. Global efforts focus on prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation to combat this significant public health challenge.