Densegranule

Densegranule is a term used in certain strands of materials science and nanotechnology to describe a nanoscale particle characterized by a high internal density of granular subunits. The idea is to combine the stability and mechanical integrity of a dense particle with the functional benefits of micro- or nano-scale granularity, such as tunable porosity and enhanced surface area. There is no universally accepted definition, and usages vary by discipline, but the core concept centers on assembling densely packed subgranules into a single particulate entity rather than a single homogeneous phase.

Typical densegranules are described as having a multi-level architecture, often with a dense core surrounded by a granular shell or with an interlinked network that preserves high solid fraction. Morphologies range from near-spherical to irregular, and synthesis aims to control the distribution and contact between subgranules to tune properties such as porosity, mechanical strength, and diffusion pathways.

Common synthesis strategies include templated assembly of nanoscale grains, spray drying of dispersed granulates, and sol-gel or emulsion-based methods that encourage close packing of nanoparticles within a protective matrix. Post-synthesis treatments such as heat pressing or sintering may be used to adjust density and connectivity, potentially at the cost of porosity.

Potential applications span catalysis, energy storage, and drug delivery, where high density and accessible surface area can improve reaction rates or payload loading. Densegranules may offer advantages in filtration and adsorptive separations due to their controlled pore network. Challenges include ensuring uniformity across particles, preventing unwanted sintering, and maintaining performance under operating conditions.

See also: granule, nanoparticle, core-shell particle, porosity, sintering.