Dekongestantit

Dekongestantit are medicines used to relieve nasal congestion by narrowing the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. They provide temporary relief for symptoms caused by colds, flu, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. Dekongestantit can be administered as oral tablets or liquids, or as topical nasal sprays.

Common active ingredients include pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine for oral use, and oxymetazoline or xylometazoline for nasal sprays. The underlying mechanism is stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors, which causes vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels, reducing swelling and improving airflow. Onset and duration vary: oral forms usually begin within 30 to 60 minutes and last several hours; nasal sprays act within minutes and typically last 4 to 12 hours depending on the product.

Safety and usage considerations are important. Dekongestantit can raise blood pressure and heart rate and may interact with certain drugs, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Side effects can include insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, or tremor. A notable risk with nasal decongestants is rebound congestion after prolonged use; therefore sprays are generally recommended for short periods, often no more than 3 to 7 days. Pseudoephedrine-containing products are regulated in many countries due to potential misuse and may be available only behind the counter or with a prescription.

Pregnant individuals, young children, and people with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, glaucoma or thyroid disorders should use caution and consult a healthcare provider for advice on appropriate use and dosing. Dekongestantit are intended for symptomatic relief and are not cures for underlying infections; alternatives include saline nasal irrigation and intranasal corticosteroids for longer-term management.